By Leslie Patton -
Dec 12, 2012 12:00 AM ET Bloomberg
Tyree Johnson scrubs himself with a
bar of soap in a
McDonald’s (MCD) bathroom and puts on fresh
deodorant. He stashes his toiletries in a Kenneth Cole bag, a
gift from his mother who works the counter at Macy’s, and hops
on an El train. His destination: another McDonald’s.
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Johnson isn’t one of
Chicago’s many homeless people who
seek shelter in fast-food joints. He’s a McDonald’s
employee, at
both stores -- one in the Loop, the other about a mile away in
the shadow of Holy Name Cathedral.
He needs the makeshift baths because hygiene and appearance
are part of his annual compensation reviews. Even with frequent
scrubbings, he said before a recent shift, it’s hard to remove
the essence of the greasy food he works around. “I hate when my boss tells me she won’t give me a raise
because she can smell me,” he said.
Johnson, 44, needs the two paychecks to pay rent for his
apartment at a single-room occupancy hotel on the city’s north
side. While he’s worked at McDonald’s stores for two decades, he
still doesn’t get 40 hours a week and makes $8.25 an hour,
minimum wage in Illinois.
This is life in one of America’s premier growth industries.
Fast-food restaurants have added positions more than twice as
fast as the U.S. average during the recovery that began in June
2009. The jobs created by companies including Burger King
Worldwide Inc. and
Yum (YUM)! Brands Inc., which owns the
Pizza Hut,
Taco Bell and KFC brands, are among the lowest-paid in the U.S.
-- except in the C suite.
Pay Disparity
The
pay gap separating fast-food workers from their chief
executive officers is growing at each of those companies. The
disparity has doubled at McDonald’s Corp. in the last 10 years,
according to data compiled by Bloomberg. At the same time, the
company helped pay for lobbying against minimum-wage increases
and sought to quash the kind of unionization efforts that
erupted recently on the streets of Chicago and New York.
Older workers like Johnson are staffing fast-food grills
and fryers more often, according to data from the U.S. Census
Bureau’s Current Population Survey. In 2010, 16- to 19-year-olds
made up 17 percent of food preparation and serving workers, down
from almost a quarter in 2000, as older, underemployed Americans
took those jobs.
“The sheer number of adults in the industry has just
exploded” because fast-food restaurants “not only survived,
but thrived during the economic recession,” said Saru
Jayaraman, director of the Food Labor Research Center at the
University of California at Berkeley.
Million Hours
Johnson would need about a million hours of work -- or more
than a century on the clock -- to earn the $8.75 million that
McDonald’s, based in the Chicago suburb of Oak Brook, paid then-
CEO Jim Skinner last year. Johnson’s work flipping burgers and
hoisting boxes of french fries, like millions of other jobs in
low-wage industries, helps explain why income
inequality grew
after the 2007-2009 recession ended.
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